Flood and stormwater management in Northern Namibia: A call for sustainable infrastructure

The northern towns of Outapi, Oshakati, Ongwediva, and Ondangwa lie within the Cuvelai system—a natural water network originating in southern Angola and draining into the Etosha Pan. While this system is vital for water distribution across the region, it also leaves these towns vulnerable to seasonal water accumulation. The water observed in these areas is not necessarily floodwater but rather spilled-over stormwater that fails to drain effectively due to inadequate infrastructure.Distinguishing Between Flooding and Spilled-Over StormwaterFlooding occurs when excessive rainfall causes rivers or lakes to overflow, submerging normally dry land. In contrast, stormwater is runoff from precipitation that collects in urban areas, often because drainage systems are inadequate. The water affecting these northern towns is primarily spilled-over stormwater accumulating in low-lying areas due to poor or absent drainage infrastructure.A Misplaced Blame: Town Planning vs. Infrastructure ImplementationThere is a common public perception that waterlogging issues stem solely from poor town planning. While planning plays a role, it is not the root cause. As a professional who has consulted for all four towns, I can confirm that flood studies are conducted during the base mapping phase of planning. These studies identify flood lines for 1:100-year and 1:50-year events, ensuring developments account for natural water flow patterns. Furthermore, under the Environmental Management Act, 2007 (Act No. 7 of 2007), flood studies are required before an Environmental Clearance Certificate can be granted for developments in flood-prone areas.Lessons from the 2008 and 2009 Stormwater IncidentsThe severe water accumulation in 2008 and 2009 is a stark reminder of the consequences of inadequate stormwater management. Heavy rains during these years led to widespread displacement, infrastructure damage, and loss of livelihoods in northern Namibia. Reports indicated thousands were evacuated, and major roads became impassable due to standing stormwater. These incidents underscored the urgent need for sustainable stormwater management strategies and proactive mitigation.The Real Issue: Inadequate Stormwater Management SystemsDespite flood studies being integral to planning, actual implementation of stormwater infrastructure remains insufficient. Local councils often recognise the need for stormwater channels during planning but frequently omit them due to budget constraints. In attempts to provide affordable housing, local authorities sometimes prioritise cost savings over essential infrastructure.In older towns, many once-functional stormwater channels have been neglected, filled with sand and debris, and are now ineffective. This neglect significantly contributes to water accumulation as excess water has no proper drainage route. The Local Authorities Act, 1992 (Act No. 23 of 1992) mandates municipalities to maintain urban infrastructure, including stormwater systems; however, sustained maintenance efforts are often lacking.A Way Forward: Prioritising Flood and Stormwater ManagementTo mitigate stormwater overflow in northern Namibia, local authorities must act decisively to install and maintain stormwater systems. Key steps include:Mandatory Inclusion of Stormwater Systems: Town councils must enforce installation of stormwater channels in all new developments as a non-negotiable requirement in township proclamations.Revitalisation of Existing Infrastructure: Old stormwater channels should be rehabilitated and regularly cleared of debris to ensure effective drainage during rainy seasons.Budget Allocation for Sustainable Infrastructure: Government and local authorities must allocate adequate funds recognising stormwater management as critical for urban resilience.Community Engagement and Awareness: Residents should be educated about the importance of stormwater systems and encouraged to keep drainage areas free of blockages.ConclusionWhile town planning incorporates flood risk assessments and necessary studies, the real challenge lies in infrastructure implementation and maintenance. The responsibility rests with local authorities to take proactive steps to develop and sustain stormwater management systems to prevent recurring water accumulation. Effective stormwater management is not merely an expense—it is an investment in the long-term sustainability and safety of urban communities.* Wilhelm Shepya is a town planning officer, and MBA candidate in Management Strategies at the University of Namibia.

Flood and stormwater management in Northern Namibia: A call for sustainable infrastructure

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Namibian Sun 2025-09-18

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Flood and stormwater management in Northern Namibia: A call for sustainable infrastructure

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Namibian Sun 2025-09-18

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