Ethnocentrism as a product of classism: Unravelling tribal tensions in Namibia

The landscape of human society is often marred by divisions bred from a mix of historical grievances, cultural differences and, most insidiously, socio-economic disparities. The complex relationship between classism and ethnocentrism reveals how entrenched inequalities can fester, leading to heightened tensions. As we witness rising ethnic tensions in Namibia, it is crucial to consider how elites from all ethnic groups manipulate these divisions to maintain their hegemony. The challenges faced by the working and lower classes are not just about ethnic backgrounds; they are shared struggles against a common oppressor, and unity among these groups is pivotal for building a genuinely egalitarian society.Historically in the United States, racism has served as a tool for elites to reinforce class divisions by pitting economically marginalised black and white groups against one another and diverting attention from economic inequality. In Namibia, colonial rule entrenched ethnic privilege, empowering the white minority while subjecting others to systemic poverty, and these structures continue to shape socio-economic hierarchies post-independence. Tribal tensions today reflect deeper economic disparities, with ethnic identity often functioning as a proxy for class struggle, undermining solidarity among the poor. The nation’s wealth remains concentrated in the hands of a few elite families and political leaders, while widespread poverty persists despite abundant resources. This inequality sustains divisive narratives, with elites exploiting or tolerating ethnic rivalries to obscure the enduring injustices of neo-colonial systems.In the immediate post-independence period, manifestations of tribalism were relatively subdued, largely confined to competition over economic opportunities and occasional ethnic slurs. In the contemporary context, however – particularly within the unregulated discourses of social media – ethnic divisions have re-emerged with heightened visibility and intensity. Political leaders and community members now engage in overtly ethnic-based opposition, signalling a regression toward identity-driven polarisation. These developments constitute critical warning indicators that demand not only rhetorical acknowledgement but also deliberate, institutional and policy-oriented interventions to mitigate the risks of entrenched ethnic fragmentation.Power in unity As these divisions deepen, the potential for civil unrest increases, prompting a critical need for unity among the working and lower classes across ethnic lines. The recognition that all impoverished Namibians share a common adversary – the elite – should galvanise collective action. It is within solidarity that the marginalised can lay the groundwork for genuine social equity. Historically, numerous movements have emerged from the depths of economic struggle, demonstrating the power that lies in unity.Namibia stands at a crossroads, where the convergence of its socio-economic struggles and ethnic identities offers a unique opportunity for progress. Countries like Morocco, Tanzania and Rwanda have implemented tangible policies that fostered social cohesion. The socio-economic disparities faced by poorly resourced communities transcend ethnic distinctions – they are fundamentally shared experiences of marginalisation. Movement toward egalitarianism hinges upon an acknowledgement that these issues are interconnected. The elderly, the unemployed youth and underprivileged families must understand that their histories of oppression are tied together.The elites will undoubtedly resist these movements; they thrive on fragmentation, fear and the ignorance of the people. But by rallying together, the unemployed youth, the elderly in rural areas, and the downtrodden middle-aged of all ethnic backgrounds in Namibia can forge a stronger coalition to challenge the status quo. Equality and mutual respectAn egalitarian society – one where socio-economic status no longer dictates opportunity – offers a more stable environment for genuine peace and prosperity to flourish.Ethnic diversity should serve as a source of strength and richness rather than a tool for division. The very fabric of society will only strengthen through inclusivity and recognition of shared struggles. Policies of a quota system that would introduce equal access to opportunities must be deliberately implemented and enforced, and we must transcend the artificial boundaries drawn by elites and construct a society that prioritises equity and justice for all, regardless of ethnic identity. By uniting across ethnic lines, the poor populace can dismantle the very structures that perpetuate their suffering and aspire toward a society grounded in equality and mutual respect.*Joyce Muzengua, human rights desk at the Landless People’s Movement.

Ethnocentrism as a product of classism: Unravelling tribal tensions in Namibia

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Namibian Sun 2026-01-07

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Ethnocentrism as a product of classism: Unravelling tribal tensions in Namibia

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Namibian Sun 2026-01-07

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